Vodafone SuperNight: How to activate Vodafone’s unlimited 3G/4G internet plan for just Rs 6. Or dial *444*4# activate the plan. Vodafone SuperNight packs are. Vodafone Super Night Plan Details. Once you activate the Vodafone Super Night plan, Rs 29 will be deducted from your main balance and the plan will be in action. How can i Activate Vodafone 4G SIM card. We given How to activate Vodafone 4G New SIM,Simple steps to upgrading Vodafone. 100% CashBack Offer for Jio RS 399 Plan. Jun 20, 2017. Vodafone Rs 29 SuperNight recharge pack for prepaid customers comes with unlimited data for five hours from 1 am in the night to 6 am in the morning. These SuperNight packs will enable them to download as much data as they want for five hours at a fixed, nominal price,” said Sandeep Kataria, Chief. ![]() ![]() Amid intensified competition in the domestic telecom sector led by Reliance Jio, Vodafone India has announced hourly unlimited plans starting at Rs 7, offering benefits like data and free calls for the period of one hour. Called 'SuperHour' plans, Vodafone's hourly packs come with benefits such as free Vodafone-to-Vodafone local calls and unlimited 4G/3G data for its prepaid customers. Customers can activate the plans through the company's app - called My Vodafone - as well as by dialing the respective USSD or unstructured supplementary service data code. Reliance Jio, which last month made new announcements relating to its Dhan Dhana Dhan scheme, has intensified competition in the telecom sector leading to announcement of new offers and revision in existing offers by incumbent operators. Many incumbent telecom operators have revised their data tariffs due to heightened competition led by Reliance Jio's data tariffs, say some analysts. How to activate Vodafone SuperHour packs Rs. 7: Vodafone's SuperHour pack priced at Rs. 7 comes with unlimited Vodafone-to-Vodafone local calls for the validity period - which is one hour. Customers can go to the My Vodafone app, activate the plan using the My Vodafone app. Once on the app, find the SuperPacks section and tap on it. Activate the pack by tapping the 'Activate' button. 21: Vodafone's SuperHour pack of Rs. 21 comes with unlimited 4G/3G data for the validity period (1 hour). This pack can be activated by tapping on the 'Activate' button or dialing the USSD code *444*21#. This was said in a message on the My Vodafone app. Under the SuperHour packs, the benefit on unlimited Vodafone-to-Vodafone calls is 'not applicable on domestic roaming', the telecom operator said on its website - vodafone.in. Telecom company Vodafone India, which is the Indian arm of British telecom giant Vodafone, has also come out with other 'SuperPacks' - including SuperDay, SuperWeek and SuperNight offers - which provide unlimited benefits for a limited period of time.
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I need to (re)activate a fully licensed Windows XP64 installation. But, the MS activation server seems to be off-line. My company has some expensive special purpose HW with custom drivers that are critical for a long term project. There are no drivers available for any other version of Windows, and the company that wrote the current ones is no longer in business. The system is never used for browsing or such, so Internet security is not an issue. I just replaced a broken HD, cloned the contents from a recent backup to a new HD, replaced a dying CD reader, and it seems I tripped MS's activation threshold. Windows 7: Manually Activating (Run As Administrator). To Manually Activate in Windows 7: 1. Open the Start menu and type 'cmd' into the search box. To configure Power Management on Windows XP click on Start, Run and then Control Panel. Control Panel has two views. If you are in Theme View double click on. Manually Activate Windows Xp Sp3 Without Product Key Windows XP Sp3 is available now with full features now. Everyone in this world have full fath. Although there are plenty of software applications that can change the product key installed in Windows XP automatically, but some users may prefer to manually. Yes, I could go with the XP emulation offered under Win7. But, if I can just get the current WinXP re-activated quickly, that would be better. What I had, worked just fine for many years. ![]() ![]() If it ain't broke, don't fix it. So, the question is 'I know MS no longer supports XP re patches, updates, & such. But, do they provide a way to re-activate existing installations?' I'm pretty sure you can still activate it, but they might have taken the servers offline. Just do phone activation. No that makes no sense. Why would I (M$) stop funding automated server authentication that has a much smaller cost than the cost of multiple call center buildings, electricity / upkeep of those buildings, desks, furniture, security, computer systems, then the users of those system (call center person your saying to call), management and associated HR costs for having those employees, the facilities and computer people to keep all that running, all to take phone calls that automated systems regionalized in virtual server farms would be ALOT LESS COSTS? And don't say 'oh they already have those and they just do the XP too', because you just double to triple your workers 'calls' and now they can NOT answer for the products they do support. Do you really want to be on hold a hour and a half to get a answer why Office365 isn't saving a document? Or how your hardware partner's new HP Tablet needs a restore and how to do that in Windows 8 for great grandma in Connecticut? See if they kill one, they kill both. ![]() You would call in, they would politely inform you that they do not provide support for depreciated software (BTW you would get the same answer right now on your Windows 7 question too, because as a CONSUMER - aka not Corporate account - Windows 7 is no longer supported) and would offer the opportunity to upgrade to currently supported Operating System. I have never had to 'activate' my XP installs. I don't even have the network cable plugged in while installing. I enter the activation code and bingo, it works. I do have corporate serial though that works for 8 pcs. Does the corporation allow you to do that, otherwise your speaking about a PIRATED edition, and Tomshardware does not support or allow any such discussions about that. ![]() ![]() As soon as you plug in your network connection it 'activates' or else you wouldn't be receiving updates, it would block you after 30 days. Additionally the rules about XP apply to Corp edition too. Currently I am quite aware each computer costs a additional $200 this year with XP on it, and then will be charged a additional $400 next year from Microsoft for Corp Accounts, and I any 'fixes' has to be done as a Engineering purchased project, which starts at $15K to INITIATE the process, not even to actually do the work / provide a solution, that is a additional cost. So financially it isn't beneficial to any company out there (costs exceed that of a replacement system). I need to (re)activate a fully licensed Windows XP64 installation. But, the MS activation server seems to be off-line. And Windows 7 for CONSUMERS is no longer supported. That means if Mr./Mrs. Consumer calls M$ about a problem they will be told the same thing I just said. We do not support depreciated software, but I can offer you the opportunity to upgrade to our currently supported OS. If you try and 'lie' that your a CORP, you can't, is a totally different set of numbers, offices, and locations, AND as part of the BUSINESS LICENSE CONTRACT you would need to provide you CORP account so they can charge for the services rendered. Which if your lying you do NOT have a CORP account that you are a registered authorized participant on and well back to the Consumers line you go. I need to (re)activate a fully licensed Windows XP64 installation. But, the MS activation server seems to be off-line. My company has some expensive special purpose HW with custom drivers that are critical for a long term project. There are no drivers available for any other version of Windows, and the company that wrote the current ones is no longer in business. The system is never used for browsing or such, so Internet security is not an issue. I just replaced a broken HD, cloned the contents from a recent backup to a new HD, replaced a dying CD reader, and it seems I tripped MS's activation threshold. Yes, I could go with the XP emulation offered under Win7. But, if I can just get the current WinXP re-activated quickly, that would be better. What I had, worked just fine for many years. If it ain't broke, don't fix it. So, the question is 'I know MS no longer supports XP re patches, updates, & such. But, do they provide a way to re-activate existing installations?' Honestly OP; BLAH BLAH heard it before excuses. A Manager / Decision Maker / Stakeholder has to be told the TO BAD SORRY answer. You put off what you were supposed to invest in (can your company vehicles drives 100,000miles on the same tires? What happens when they reach 200,000 miles you keep using them? NO YOU REPLACE THEM) and you didn't and now you will have to pay 2-10x what you could have paid before. You need to suck it up, hire a Business Systems Analyst to review this 'special purpose expensive HW' and find your solutions you will HAVE to suck up and buy into. Honestly the BSA will give you the same answers, if this 'critical' system shuts down tomorrow and there is no way to fix it, what impact does that have to your bottom line, is that less then replacing it? If not then as a COST SAVINGS it is time to retire the risk. Secondly your totally fooling yourself 'The system is never used for browsing or such, so Internet security is not an issue.' You apparently never had a RISK ASSESSMENT done, because ANY Analyst would have provided to you Suxnet as a shining example of a HW that is expensive special purpose, was compromised and it never was used for browsing and such. In fact the hardware was under strict MILITARY control, with extreme level security and severe restricted access. Nuclear Centrifuge hardware. Yet it was infected and taken down, so how LESS secure is yours in comparison to some simple OOPS by a worker? And that addage ' If it ain't broke, don't fix it.' Doesn't apply to depreciation items. As I noted a company vehicle depreciates overtime, and so does the bathroom piping in your building, the electrical wiring to a segment of your building now being repurposed for other uses, and so on. You and your Management need a wake up call to understand computers are as much a INFRASTRUCTURE item as the toilet, the parking lot, the machinists tools, electrical wiring, etc. And such needs to be CALCULATED in for depreciation, which XP is PAST THAT TIME PERIOD. Think now your at 300,000 miles on your delivery truck and you keep saying If it ain't broke, don't fix it, well in comparison to your new HD, replaced a dying CD reader, you just replaced the Engine and Transmission in it again, and now you realize it is a LEAD Engine you still been using when LEAD gas is no longer sold, how will you get around it? See this is where RIsk and Cost-Benefit analysis comes in, and someone (MANAGEMENT) needs to step up and make a well educated decision on the RISKS, COSTS and BENEFITS. You are at a point now you either have a non-PRODUCTIVE piece of equipment or you have to deal with addressing the problem (it has to be replaced). Oh BTW, do note: 4K drives are the norm now, and they require a UEFI motherboard to function, and only sold in the current SATA III format, which XP has no way of understanding nor the BIOS. So you can't just 'reformat it' it is embedded at the HW layer, and if your drives and such go down again, that also is a HW issue you can't get around (no one selling old drives). I have never had to 'activate' my XP installs. I don't even have the network cable plugged in while installing. I enter the activation code and bingo, it works. I do have corporate serial though that works for 8 pcs. Does the corporation allow you to do that, otherwise your speaking about a PIRATED edition, and Tomshardware does not support or allow any such discussions about that. As soon as you plug in your network connection it 'activates' or else you wouldn't be receiving updates, it would block you after 30 days. Additionally the rules about XP apply to Corp edition too. Currently I am quite aware each computer costs a additional $200 this year with XP on it, and then will be charged a additional $400 next year from Microsoft for Corp Accounts, and I any 'fixes' has to be done as a Engineering purchased project, which starts at $15K to INITIATE the process, not even to actually do the work / provide a solution, that is a additional cost. So financially it isn't beneficial to any company out there (costs exceed that of a replacement system). We have a volume license key. It's most definitely NOT pirated. Also, I am aware of the forum rules, but thanks for reiterating them. Just re-installed a machine 3 weeks ago. No issues at all. I have never had to 'activate' my XP installs. I don't even have the network cable plugged in while installing. I enter the activation code and bingo, it works. I do have corporate serial though that works for 8 pcs. Does the corporation allow you to do that, otherwise your speaking about a PIRATED edition, and Tomshardware does not support or allow any such discussions about that. As soon as you plug in your network connection it 'activates' or else you wouldn't be receiving updates, it would block you after 30 days. Additionally the rules about XP apply to Corp edition too. Currently I am quite aware each computer costs a additional $200 this year with XP on it, and then will be charged a additional $400 next year from Microsoft for Corp Accounts, and I any 'fixes' has to be done as a Engineering purchased project, which starts at $15K to INITIATE the process, not even to actually do the work / provide a solution, that is a additional cost. So financially it isn't beneficial to any company out there (costs exceed that of a replacement system). We have a volume license key. It's most definitely NOT pirated. Also, I am aware of the forum rules, but thanks for reiterating them. Just re-installed a machine 3 weeks ago. No issues at all. If you're using that VLK in your corporate environment, no worries. If you're using it at home.that all depends on your licensing agreement with MS. But we're off track here with the OP's issue. Wcrouch.have you gotten this fixed? Tom, If you called about a PROBLEM, yes. You seem to be confusing support with activation. They WILL activate it. You are also wrong about XP VLK's. They don't activate. They will do a WGA check if you try to update. Even if it fails, you still have access to security updates and service packs. You didn't READ what I stated. I said 'You would call in, they would politely inform you that they do not provide support for depreciated software (BTW you would get the same answer right now on your Windows 7 question too, because as a CONSUMER - aka not Corporate account - Windows 7 is no longer supported) and would offer the opportunity to upgrade to currently supported Operating System.' SO calling in for ACTIVATION or a Windows 7 question (aka SUPPORT) would both yield the same answer (note I made the distinction for a CONSUMER edition as the OP never stated what licensing they are using but appears COTS solution not Corp)> 2) So I listened to what you said and decided to test your theory. Click download SP3, gets you We are sorry, the page you requested cannot be found. So, maybe Technet might still have it, but seems your incorrect on that as well. Just as you can't get depreciated updates for Windows 2000, 98, NT4, etc. So XP has gone to the grave, Windows 7 is now buried, and the shovel being used to seal both 7 & 8's fate is Windows 10 (One OS to RULE THEM ALL! SO calling in for ACTIVATION or a Windows 7 question (aka SUPPORT) would both yield the same answer (note I made the distinction for a CONSUMER edition as the OP never stated what licensing they are using but appears COTS solution not Corp)> bzzzzzzz Wrong. Activation and help desk support are two completely different things. Windows 7 is still being sold. It is on extended support (security fixes) for the rest of this decade. If I cranked up a new Win 7 install today, it would activate just fine. Either online, or via the phone robot. I also have a fully legitimate “outdated” Win XP software package for personal use (not corporate). I’m a computer hobbyist who occasionally builds or rebuilds new or vintage desktop systems “from scratch”. When I attempt to activate my Win XP by phone the recorded robot informs me that Microsoft will Activate XP Software: “when customers transfer the full package product license to a new system.” By nature spoken legalese sets off my caution buttons, so I am concerned by what this phrase may mean. Is this simply a reference to a new hardware configuration? Or am I “transferring my full package product license' to any other legal entity?? I'm sorry if I sound paranoid; but Micro$oft has always affected me that way. I also have a fully legitimate “outdated” Win XP software package for personal use (not corporate). I’m a computer hobbyist who occasionally builds or rebuilds new or vintage desktop systems “from scratch”. When I attempt to activate my Win XP by phone the recorded robot informs me that Microsoft will Activate XP Software: “when customers transfer the full package product license to a new system.” By nature spoken legalese sets off my caution buttons, so I am concerned by what this phrase may mean. Is this simply a reference to a new hardware configuration? Or am I “transferring my full package product license' to any other legal entity?? I'm sorry if I sound paranoid; but Micro$oft has always affected me that way. Yes, that would seem to be 'a new hardware configuration '. This might help: Today (May 5th 2016), I did fresh installs of XP SP3 on 4 used laptops I recently acquired. Two activated first time over the Internet, and two didn't. After much head scratching, I suddenly realised that the two that had activated had good CMOS batteries, and the two that didn't had dead CMOS batteries. Consequently, two of them had the correct date and time, and two didn't. I then reset the date and time on the two with dead CMOS batteries, and lo and behold, they then activated over the Internet perfectly. As to why the correct date and time seem to be required for activation, I have no idea. I hope this helps. Regards Chris H. I need to (re)activate a fully licensed Windows XP64 installation. But, the MS activation server seems to be off-line. My company has some expensive special purpose HW with custom drivers that are critical for a long term project. There are no drivers available for any other version of Windows, and the company that wrote the current ones is no longer in business. The system is never used for browsing or such, so Internet security is not an issue. I just replaced a broken HD, cloned the contents from a recent backup to a new HD, replaced a dying CD reader, and it seems I tripped MS's activation threshold. Yes, I could go with the XP emulation offered under Win7. But, if I can just get the current WinXP re-activated quickly, that would be better. What I had, worked just fine for many years. If it ain't broke, don't fix it. So, the question is 'I know MS no longer supports XP re patches, updates, & such. But, do they provide a way to re-activate existing installations?' As to why the correct date and time seem to be required for activation, I have no idea. I hope this helps. Regards Chris H. Timing is the basic computer function that has to be accurate in order to ensure communication between A to B is valid (used as offset calculation value). It also signifies and validates the timezone, which is the locational address you physically are, the network you connect to, the Internet locations your network claims to be coming from, and then validate through the 'cloud' to MS servers. So if your in Indiana, your 'time' shouldn't be set for India, which would invalidate your edition of U.S. Windows your trying to certify. As well as the calculations done in the 'checks' to validate I sent 'this is my name' value to MS server and the 'time' it takes and so on it should have a value of 'this is my name' + takes 1.234ms from Indiana, where as if validating from India, it would take 3.567ms wait this doesn't calculate right. Just so you know, running XP is totally incompatible with all current / recent editions of software out there (Games, Office Suites, drivers, etc.) and there are no 'drivers' to fix many common issues (Why can't I get this USB Wifi to work? So it isn't practical to use, just as it isn't practical to use Windows 2000, or 98. If you're trying to access mobile internet, or send multimedia messages on the iD Mobile network, this guide to APN settings will help you get your smart phone. Windows 10 Mobile. Swipe the screen from right to left. This'll open your apps list. Tap settings > wireless and networks > mobile + SIM. How to activate gprs settings in my lg e510 smart phone? How to activate mms/gprs settings in smart with. How can i activate my samsung galaxy gt-i5500 gprs using. If you're having issues getting online on your Samsung, first try using Tweakker - If that doesn't help, check out the generic Samsung settings below. • • • • If the settings are not working for you post a reply and the community will help you find a solution. How to change the settings There might be slight differences depending on the version of Android you are using but these settings should work if your phone is on the list. To change your phone settings: • Tap the Menu key • Tap Settings • In the Wireless & networks section, tap More. • Tap Mobile Networks • Tap Access Point Names • Tap the Menu key • Tap New APN • Fill the Edit access point section with the Internet and MMS settings that are available in the two following sections. Step by step picture process Note: sequence of menu may differ throughout depending on version being used. Click on 'more info' below to view the pictures. Samsung Galaxy Ace S5830 Click to view step-by-step picture process Please note all steps must be completed to ensure the settings are correctly configured. When entering the following information, do not press Save until told to in the instructions. • Tap the Menu icon • Tap Settings • Tap Wireless and networks • Tap Mobile networks • Make sure that the Use packet data box has a green tick in it (tap box to change) • Tap Access Point Names • Press the Menu key • Tap New APN • Tap Name then tap the text box and enter 48 Internet then tap OK • Tap APN then tap the text box and enter 48months.liffeytelecom.com then tap OK • Skip past Proxy as this simply has to be left blank. • Skip past Port also, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Username, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Password also, that has to as well, be left blank. • Skip past Server as this is preset as Not Set • Tap MMSC then tap the text box and enter then tap OK • Tap MMS proxy then tap the text box and enter 10.1.11.19 then tap OK • Tap MMS port then tap the text box and enter 8080 then tap OK • Tap MCC then tap the text box and enter 272 then tap OK • Tap MNC then tap the text box and enter 11 then tap OK • Tap Authentication type and set to PAP then tap OK. • Tap APN type then tap Internet + MMS (so a green dot appears next to it) • Tap Back • Tap 48 Internet (so a green dot appears next to it) • Press the Back key five times to return to the standby screen. Samsung Galaxy Mini S5570 Click to view step-by-step picture process Settings - GPRS WAP & MMS Please note all steps must be completed to ensure the settings are correctly configured. Now enter the new settings • Tap the Menu icon • Tap Settings • Tap Wireless and networks • Tap Mobile networks • Tap Access Point Names • Tap the Menu soft key • Tap New APN • Tap Name then tap the text box and enter 48 Internet then tap OK • Tap APN then tap the text box and enter 48months.liffeytelecom.com then tap OK • Skip past Proxy as this simply has to be left blank. • Skip past Port also, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Username, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Password also, that has to as well, be left blank. If after all this your internet is still not working then turn on data roaming within the settings of your phone this will allow you to use the internet. Don't worry about extra charges as we do not support data roaming so if you go onto a different network you will not be charged. Note: sequence of menu may differ throughout depending on version being used. Step 1: Tap Settings Step 2: Tap Wireless and Network Step 3: Scroll, and tap Mobile Networks Step 4: Tap Access Point Names Step 5: Click the menu key and select New APN Step 6: Enter the following details: Note: use written process next to picture as there may be slight differences in settings. Name: 48 Internet APN: 48months.liffeytelecom.com Proxy: Leave Blank Port: Leave Blank Username: Leave Blank Password: Leave Blank Server: Leave Blank MMSC: MMS Proxy: 10.1.11.19 MMS Port: 8080 MCC: 272 MNC: 11 Authentication Type: PAP APN Type: Internet + MMS + DUN Step 7: Next to the 48 Internet APN will be a round box which needs to be selected – once selected it will turn green and you will be able to use the internet and mms. ![]() ![]() ![]() Samsung Galaxy S GT-i9000 Click to view step-by-step picture process Settings-Mobile Web When entering the following information do not press Save until told to in the instructions. • Press the Menu key • Tap Settings • Tap Wireless controls • Tap Mobile networks • Tap Access Point Names • Press the Menu key • Tap New APN • Tap Name then tap the text box and enter 48 Internet then tap OK • Tap APN then tap the text box and enter 48months.liffeytelecom.com then tap OK • Skip past Proxy as this simply has to be left blank. • Skip past Port also, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Username, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Password also, that has to as well, be left blank. • Highlight APN type and tap • Tap APN type then tap internet (so a green dot appears next to it). Settings - GPRS WAP & MMS Please note all steps must be completed to ensure the settings are correctly configured. When entering the following information do not press Save until told to in the instructions. • Tap Applications • Tap Settings (located on the second page) • Tap Wireless and network • Tap Mobile networks • Make sure that the Use Data Packet box has a green tick in it (tap box to change) • Tap Access Point Names • Press the Menu key • Tap New APN • Tap Name then tap the text box and enter 48 Internet then tap OK • Tap APN then tap the text box and enter 48months.liffeytelecom.com then tap OK • Skip past Proxy as this simply has to be left blank. • Skip past Port also, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Username, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Password also, that has to as well, be left blank. • Skip past Server as this is preset as Not Set • Tap MMSC then tap the text box and enter then tap OK • Tap MMS proxy then tap the text box and enter 10.1.11.19 then tap OK • Tap MMS port then tap the text box and enter 8080 then tap OK • Tap MCC then tap the text box and enter 272 then tap OK • Tap MNC then tap the text box and enter 11 then tap OK • Tap Authentication type and set to PAP then tap OK. • Tap APN type then tap Internet, MMS (so a green dot appears next to it) • Press Menu then Save • Tap the white circle next to 48 Internet so a green dot appears next to it. If after all this your internet is still not working then turn on data roaming within the settings of your phone this will allow you to use the internet. Don't worry about extra charges as we do not support data roaming so if you go onto a different network you will not be charged. Note: sequence of menu may differ throughout depending on version of Android being used. Step 1: Tap Settings Step 2: Tap Wireless and Network Step 3: Scroll, and tap Mobile Networks Step 4: Tap Access Point Names Note: depending on your device you may need to select Network Settings before ‘Access Point Names’. Samsung Galaxy S II Click to view step-by-step picture process Settings - GPRS WAP & MMS Please note all steps must be completed to ensure the settings are correctly configured. When entering the following information do not press Save until told to in the instructions. • Tap the Menu key • Tap Settings • Tap Wireless & network • Tap Mobile networks • Make sure that the Use packet data box has a green tick in it (tap box to change) • Tap Access Point Names • Tap the Menu key • Tap New APN • Tap Name then tap the text box and enter 48 Internet then tap OK • Tap APN then tap the text box and enter 48months.liffeytelecom.com then tap OK • Skip past Proxy as this simply has to be left blank • Skip past Port also, another that has to be left blank • Skip past Username, another that has to be left blank. • Skip past Password also, that has to as well, be left blank. • Skip past Server as this is preset as Not Set • Tap MMSC then tap the text box and enter then tap OK • Tap MMS proxy then tap the text box and enter 10.1.11.19 then tap OK • Tap MMS port then tap the text box and enter 8080 then tap OK • Tap MCC then tap the text box and enter 272 then tap OK • Tap MNC then tap the text box and enter 11 then tap OK • Leave Authentication type blank. • Tap APN type and tap default,mms,supl • Press the Menu key • Tap Save • Tap the circle next to 48 Internet so a green dot appears in it • Press the Back key four times to return to the main menu. If after all this your internet is still not working then turn on data roaming within the settings of your phone this will allow you to use the internet. Don't worry about extra charges as we do not support data roaming so if you go onto a different network you will not be charged. Note: sequence of menu may differ throughout depending on version being used. Step 1: Tap Settings Step 2: Tap Wireless and Network Step 3: Scroll, and tap Mobile Networks Step 4: Tap Use Packet Date so that it has a green tick in it Step 5: Tap Access Point Names Step 6: Click the menu key and select New APN Step 7: Enter the following details: Note: use written process next to picture as there may be slight differences in settings. Name: 48 Internet APN: 48months.liffeytelecom.com Proxy: Leave Blank Port: Leave Blank Username: Leave Blank Password: Leave Blank Server: Leave Blank MMSC: MMS Proxy: 10.1.11.19 MMS Port: 8080 MCC: 272 MNC: 11 Authentication Type: Leave blank APN Type: default,mms.supl Step 8: Tap the menu button on the handset and select save Note: Settings must be saved – otherwise you will need to input them again Step 9: Next to the 48 Internet APN will be a round box which needs to be selected – once selected it will turn green and you will be able to use the internet and mms. Samsung Galaxy S3 Click to view step-by-step picture process Settings - GPRS WAP & MMS There's a bit of a bug with Android 4.0 that makes sure it's not straightforward saving the APN settings, but if you follow these steps below, we're really confident that this will be the last you have to worry about it. ![]() Requires Custom firmware 5.00 m33-6 or higher Can be done with or without a Memory Stick. Steps for those who can't follow the video: 1. Make sure WMA and Flash Player is not already activated. Make a full shutdown using any of these methods: a. Press and hold power button(or slide and hold to be more accurate) b. Press select, shutdown device. Just before the sony computer entertainment logo shows up, press and hold the r trigger button, this sholud bring you to the m33 recovery menu. If not, repeat step 2 and try again. Go to registry hacks - press x on both activate wma and activate flash player, and they would be activated. Go back and exit, this should make your psp start up as usual. ![]() Go to a.settings - system settings - Activate WMA playback and b. Settings - system settings - Activate flash player. It should now say e.g. WMA playback was already activated or Flash player was already activated. Don't forget to rate, comment, and suscribe. ![]() However I noticed that when I updated my PSP to 3.72. The option to enable flash disappeared. So it's automatically enabled from now on even if I reset the options. So maybe it will be the same on the next firmware update.: Avatar image for WSGRandomPerson. WSGRandomPerson: Member Since: August 3, 2007. ![]() ![]() Updated: August 13, 2001 Software piracy is a worldwide problem which negatively impacts software developers, resellers, support professionals, and most importantly, consumers. One form of piracy, estimated to be as high as 50%, is known as casual copying. Windows XP Genuine Activator Loader [ DAZ + Crack ]. [ DAZ + Crack ] Windows XP Activator. We are providing you activator to activate your windows so that you. How to Crack Windows XP Service pack 1. Here we go again! Well I woke up and learned that Windows XP Service pack 1 was out. I heard that impossible for. But it took me 2 hours to crack it maybe they should give up on hole activation thing but I bet they will not. Here are the steps! This crack made by your friend. This article shows how to bypass Windows XP product activation in case. XP Pro and Win 7 - all. Of windows xp box and used your trick to activate. Casual copying is the sharing and installation of software on multiple PCs in violation of the software's end user license agreement (EULA). Microsoft has developed product activation as one solution to reduce this form of piracy. Product activation uses several methods and technologies to help achieve Microsoft's goals of protecting intellectual property rights by making it easy for users to comply with the terms of the EULA and reducing software piracy. In order to help customers and partners better understand the technologies used by product activation, and their unobtrusive and anonymous nature, we will outline in this bulletin: • How activation works for Windows XP acquired through: • A PC manufacturer (OEM) • A retail store (where customers buy 'boxed' software product) • A volume licensing agreement (customers who acquire their licenses through programs such as Microsoft Open, Enterprise, or Select licensing). ![]() • How the hardware hash component of the installation ID is created and the scenarios in which a copy of Windows XP may have to be re-activated due to a substantial hardware modification. For a more general overview on the basics of product activation please see. Additionally, this document contains some technical concepts. Pointers to reference material covering certain technical concepts are included in the appendix. Information contained in this document represents product activation in Windows XP as of the document's date of publication. On This Page Product Activation and volume licenses Windows XP upgrade licenses acquired through one of Microsoft's volume licensing agreements, such as Microsoft Open License, Enterprise Agreement, or Select License, will not require activation. Installations of Windows XP made using volume licensing media and volume license product keys (VLKs) will have no activation, hardware checking, or limitations on installation or imaging. Product Activation and new pre-loaded PCs The majority of customers acquire Windows with the purchase of a new computer, and most new computers pre-loaded with Windows XP will not require activation at all. Microsoft provides OEMs with the ability to 'pre-activate' Windows XP in the factory and estimates that upwards of 80% of all new PCs will be delivered to the customer pre-activated. 'Pre-activation' of Windows XP by the OEMs will be done in one of two different ways depending on the OEM's own configuration options and choices. Some OEMs may protect Windows XP using a mechanism which locks the installation to OEM-specified BIOS information in the PC. This technology works very similar to existing technologies that many OEMs have used over the years with the CDs they ship to reinstall Windows on these computers. We expanded and integrated the existing OEM CD BIOS locking mechanism with product activation, and call this method of protection 'System Locked Pre-installation,' or SLP. Successfully implemented, SLP uses information stored in an OEM PC's BIOS to protect the installation from casual piracy. No communication by the end customer to Microsoft is required and no hardware hash is created or necessary. At boot, Windows XP compares the PC's BIOS to the SLP information. If it matches, no activation is required. Every single piece of hardware could be changed on a PC with SLP and no reactivation would be required — even the motherboard could be replaced as long as the replacement motherboard was original equipment manufactured by the OEM and retained the proper BIOS. In the unlikely scenario that the BIOS information does not match, the PC would need to be activated within 30 days by contacting the Microsoft activation center via the Internet or telephone call — just as in a retail scenario. OEMs may also activate Windows XP by contacting Microsoft in the same way the consumer would activate. Activation done in this way is the same as activating a retail boxed version of Windows XP. This is discussed in more detail further below. For OEMs who do not employ either of the above two methods of pre-activation, a new PC acquired with Windows XP preinstalled must be activated by the customer. This activation is completed in the exact same way as would someone who acquired Windows XP by purchasing a boxed version at a retailer. Product Activation and retail boxed software product Product activation relies on the submission of the Installation ID. The Installation ID is specifically designed to guarantee anonymity and is only used by Microsoft to deter piracy. The Installation ID is comprised of two different pieces of information — the product ID and a hardware hash (a hash is a numeric value derived through a mathematical formula and based upon some other, original value). The product ID is unique to the installation of Windows and is created from the product key used during installation. Each product key delivered with retail boxed software is unique, and the product ID it creates is unique. Microsoft uses the product ID for other purposes in addition to product activation such as when requesting product support. The product ID can be found by viewing the Properties of My Computer (an example of a product ID is 12345-1-12345). The hardware hash is an eight byte value that is created by running 10 different pieces of information from the PC's hardware components through a one-way mathematical transformation This means that the resultant hash value cannot be backwards calculated to determine the original values. Further, only a portion of the resulting hash value is used in the hardware hash in order to ensure complete anonymity. Example A processor serial number is 96 bits in length. When hashed, the resultant one-way hash is 128 bits in length. Microsoft uses only six bits from that resultant hash in activation's hardware hash. Due to the nature of the hashing algorithm, those six bits cannot be backwards calculated to determine anything at all about the original processor serial number. Moreover, six bits represent 64 (2^6) different values. There were over 100 million PCs sold last year worldwide. From those 100 million PCs sold, only 64 different hardware hash values could be created as part of activation. Microsoft developed the hardware hash in this way in order to maintain the user's privacy. Additionally, whether or not the PC can be put into a docking station or accepts PCMCIA cards is also determined (the possibility of a docking station or PCMCIA cards existing means that hardware may disappear or seem changed when those devices are not present). Finally, the hardware hash algorithm has a version number. Together with the general nature of the other values used, two different PCs could actually create the same hardware hash. The 10 different hardware values used to create the hash are outlined in the table below: Table 1 Hardware hash component values Component Name Example Hash Value (#o of bits) 1 Display Adapter 00010 (5) 2 SCSI Adapter 00011 (5) 3 IDE Adapter 0011 (4) 4 Network Adapter MAC Address (10) 5 RAM Amount Range (i.e. 0-64mb, 64-128mb, etc) 101 (3) 6 Processor Type 011 (3) 7 Processor Serial Number 000000 (6) 8 Hard Drive Device 1101100 (7) 9 Hard Drive Volume Serial Number (10) 10 CD—ROM / CD-RW / DVD-ROM 010111 (6) - 'Dockable' 0 (1) - Hardware Hash version (version of algorithm used) 001 (3) The product ID (nine bytes) and hardware hash (eight bytes) are used by Microsoft to process the activation request. When activation is done over the Internet, these two values form the Installation ID (in a binary format) and are sent along with request header information directly through secure sockets (SSL in HTTP) to the Microsoft activation system in a binary format. There are three communications made to complete Internet activation: • Handshake request: Contains product ID, hardware hash, and request header data such as request ID (for linking the handshake, request, and acknowledgement) and activation technology version. 262 bytes total. • License request: Contains product ID, hardware hash, and customer data structure for holding voluntary registration information if provided. If registration is skipped, this structure is empty. Also contains request header data such as request ID and the PKCS10 digital certificate request structure. The PKCS10 structure can vary slightly based on the inclusion of voluntary registration information; about 2763 to 3000 bytes total. • Acknowledgement request: Contains certificate ID (returned to user's machine after license request), issue date, and error code. 126 bytes total. If Internet activation is successful, the activation confirmation is sent directly back to the user's PC as a digital certificate. This certificate is digitally signed by Microsoft so that it cannot be altered or counterfeited. The confirmation packet returned as part of Internet activation is approximately 9 kbytes in size (the digital certificate chain accounts for most of the confirmation data packet size). If activation is done by telephoning a customer service representative, the product ID and hardware hash are automatically displayed to the user as the Installation ID; a 50 digit decimal representation. The encoding encrypts the data so that it cannot be altered and provides check digits to help aid in error handling. Telephone activation is a four step process: • Selecting the country from which the call is being made so that an appropriate phone number can be shown in the product UI. • Dialing the phone number • Providing the Installation ID to the customer service representative • Entering the Confirmation ID provided by the customer service representative. The confirmation ID is a 42-digit integer containing the activation key and check digits that aid in error handling. Both the installation ID and confirmation ID are displayed to the user in easily understandable segments in the product UI. Modifications to hardware and how they affect the activation status of Windows XP Product activation rechecks the hardware it is running only to help reduce illegal hard disk cloning — another prevalent piracy method. Hard disk cloning is where a pirate copies the entire image of a hard disk from one PC to another PC. At each login, Windows XP checks to see that it is running on the same or similar hardware that it was activated on. If it detects that the hardware is 'substantially different', reactivation is required. This check is performed after the SLP BIOS check discussed above, if the SLP BIOS check fails. This means that if your PC is pre-activated in the factory using the SLP pre-activation method, all the components in the PC could be swapped, including the motherboard, so long as the replacement motherboard was genuine and from the OEM with the proper BIOS. As noted above, installations of Windows XP made using volume licensing media and volume license product keys (VLKs) will not have any hardware component checking. Microsoft defines 'substantially different' hardware differently for PCs that are configured to be dockable. Additionally, the network adapter is given a superior 'weighting.' If the PC is not dockable and a network adapter exists and is not changed, 6 or more of the other above values would have to change before reactivation was required. If a network adapter existed but is changed or never existed at all, 4 or more changes (including the changed network adapter if it previously existed) will result in a requirement to reactivate. Scenario A: PC One has the full assortment of hardware components listed in Table 1 above. User swaps the motherboard and CPU chip for an upgraded one, swaps the video adapter, adds a second hard drive for additional storage, doubles the amount of RAM, and swaps the CD ROM drive for a faster one. Result: Reactivation is NOT required. Scenario B: PC Two has the full assortment of hardware components listed in Table 1 except that it has no network adapter. User doubles the amount of RAM, swaps the video card and the SCSI controller. Result: Reactivation is NOT required. Dockable PCs are treated slightly more leniently. In a dockable PC, if a network adapter exists and is not changed, 9 or more of the other above values would have to change before reactivation was required. If no network adapter exists or the existing one is changed, 7 or more changes (including the network adapter) will result in a requirement to reactivate. Scenario C: Dockable PC Three has the full assortment of hardware components listed in Table 1 except that it has no network adapter. User doubles the amount of RAM, swaps to a bigger hard disk drive, and adds a network adapter. Result: Reactivation is NOT required. The change of a single component multiple times (e.g. From video adapter A to video adapter B to video adapter C) is treated as a single change. The addition of components to a PC, such as adding a second hard drive which did not exist during the original activation, would not trigger the need for a reactivation nor would the modification of a component not listed in the above table. Additionally, reinstallation of Windows XP on the same or similar hardware and a subsequent reactivation can be accomplished an infinite number of times. Finally, the Microsoft activation clearinghouse system will automatically allow activation to occur over the Internet four times in one year on substantially different hardware. This last feature was implemented to allow even the most savvy power users to make changes to their systems and, if they must reactivate, do so over the Internet rather than necessitating a telephone call. Conclusions Microsoft believes that product activation will be successful at deterring the casual copier, thereby reducing the piracy of Windows XP. Product activation achieves this goal by implementing a technology solution that deters the casual copier while: • Continuing to meet the needs of corporate customers and their unique deployment needs for deployment of volume licenses • Maintaining Windows XP's ease of use • Striking a balance in protecting intellectual property clearly in favor of the user • Protecting the user's privacy by utilizing information that is not personally identifiable. At no time is personally identifiable information secretly gathered or submitted to Microsoft as part of activation. Furthermore, Microsoft believes that product activation be completely unobtrusive to most Windows users. Most users of Windows XP will acquire it with the purchase of a new PC. The vast majority of these users will never see activation, either on first boot or with substantial hardware upgrades. For those users whose new PC requires that Windows XP be activated or who acquire Windows XP through a retail box, activation will most likely be a one-time occurrence that, whether completed via the Internet or by telephoning a Microsoft customer service representative, will be a simple, quick, and straightforward process. OCBC credit card activation for overseas use OCBC credit card magnetic stripe activation: It provides the facility of business Internet Banking to their customers or clients. For this customer needs OCBC I-banking login first. ![]() It is also the issuer of Credit Card and Debit Card. Their cardholders can activate their card and can able to enjoy the number of online services of them. Here we will discuss, how easy is to or Malaysia by following few steps. Logo image OCBC, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation is founded in 1932. It was founded by Great Depression and it is a merger of three banks Chinese Commercial Bank, Ho Hong Bank and Overseas Chinese Bank. The Headquarters of the company situated in Singapore. It serves in South East Asia. ![]() Flash your NTUC or nEbO card to enjoy members’ privileges here. It is a big name in financial services. Sectors in which OCBC available There are many other sectors too rather than only consumer Banking where OCBC performing very well. ![]() The sectors are, • Consumer Banking • Corporate Banking • Investment Banking • Global Wealth Management • Asset Management • Insurance So, it is much more than consumer banking only. In above all sectors they doing very well. OCBC is publicly listed financial services organization. It traded as SGX-039. Types of OCBC Credit Cards i) OCBC Elite World Credit Card ii) OCBC 365 Credit Card iii) OCBC Titanium Credit Card iv) OCBC Plus! Credit Card v) NTUC Plus! Visa Credit Card vi) OCBC Robinsons Group Credit Card vii) Frank Credit Card viii) OCBC Arts Credit Card ix) OCBC Platinum Credit Card x) OCBC Cashflow Credit Card xi) OCBC Great Eastern Cashflow Credit Card xii) OCBC BEST Denki Credit Card How to activate OCBC Credit Card for Overseas/ Malaysia? You need to activate your new OCBC credit card first then only you can able to use it. Magnetic strip activation also allows you to use the card overseas too. ![]() ![]() Right now let’s what you need to do for the activation of your Card. First, see the below snapshot of the activation page. Screenshot • Visit www.ocbc.com.sg/activate to open the activation page in your favorite browser. • There you will ask to enter some detail regarding activation of your credit card. • First, enter the last 8 digits of your credit card number. • Month and Year of your Credit Card Expiry. • Then you will ask to type security code given there in a box. • Once you type the exact security code which given to you to type, you will ask to click on check box available for confirmation that you are agreeing to the Terms and Conditions governing Electronic Banking Services. • Click on the NEXT button for further procedure. So, it is as easy as 123 to activate your credit card either new or renewed. A credit card makes your banking so easy and convenient. Once you activate the card, you can able to use. With this Card, you can, i) Check your card balance and available credit. Ii) You can update your mailing address. Iii) You can check and redeem OCBC points and rewards. Iv) You can view your credit card transactions. V) You can able to retrieve past transaction statements too, vi) You can revert to paper statements. Vii) It will help you in withdrawal from Overseas ATM. Viii) If you activate OCBC magnetic strip then you are able to use your Credit Card in Overseas too. They added some more services in their list which makes online banking more easy and convenient. Let’s have a brief look at these services. Added Service with OCBC Credit Card i) OTP (One Time Password) service protects you from online fraud. It gives you extra security. Ii) You can get alerts via SMS upon your card’s first usage and also when transaction amount is above the predefined limit is made to any of your OCBC credit cards. Iii) You can get complete coverage with credit card insurance. Iv) Every time you travel overseas, you can activate magnetic strips. V) You can increase your credit limit to meet your lifestyles requirements. Vi) You can apply for E-statements of your Card. Vii) You can have instant access to cash with your credit card. Above all facilities and many other facilities regarding payment also; you can enjoy. So don’t waste time anymore and activate OCBC Credit Card now. OCBC iBanking Login for Online Banking • Go to official website at • Here you can see OCBC online banking login page. • Your old carrier will have to domestically unlock your phone before you can bring it to Boost Mobile. • A domestic SIM unlock allows you to insert the Boost Mobile SIM card into your device and attempt to activate it on the Boost Mobile network. Unlocking your device will not necessarily make it interoperable with the Boost Mobile network. In other words, a phone designed for one network is not compatible with another network merely by unlocking it. Additionally, unlocking a phone may enable some functionality of the phone but not all (e.g. An unlocked device may support voice services but data services may not work or may be limited when activated on the Boost Mobile network). †Mobile optimized: video streams at up to 480p+ resolution, music at up to 500kbps, streaming cloud gaming at up to 2mbps. Data deprioritization applies during congestion. Offer valid 10/13/17 – 1/29/18. BYO Free Month Offer: Avail. For new customers activating on $50 monthly plan, in sel. Markets or at boostmobile.com. Not compatible with Family Plan offers or Boost Dealz. Requires initial payment of $50 at time of activation. Credit will be applied to account after activation & payment of 1st month’s service. Select iPhone and Android models only. Former Sprint devices not eligible. ![]() Bring your own phone to T-Mobile and get a FREE SIM. 740-2981 to activate your SIM on T-Mobile’s. A new device or SIM card from a T-Mobile. How to Activate an Inactive Cellphone. And ask the customer service representative to activate the SIM card. How to Activate a New Phone on an Existing Verizon. Customer responsible for any incremental/add'l. Charges beyond basic monthly service. Other terms: Boost has no annual svc. Contracts; svc. Is subject to terms & conditions. Offers/coverage not available everywhere or for all phones/networks. Boost reserves right to change or cancel offer at any time. Prohibited network use rules & other restrictions apply. See participating dealer or boostmobile.com for details. © 2017 Boost Worldwide, Inc. All rights reserved. ![]() ![]() All other marks are the property of their respective owners. ![]() Verizon Wireless allows you to bring your own device or purchase one of their phones to use on their prepaid plans. How to activate your Verizon prepaid cell phone depends entirely on whether or not you bring your own device. Online Activation The first step of the prepaid activation process is to purchase a prepaid plan online. Verizon offers plans ranging from a 3GB data limit to unlimited data. All plans include unlimited talk and text as well as a mobile hotspot option. Select a plan on the Verizon Wireless Prepaid Plan section of the site and choose whether or not to purchase a Verizon phone or to bring your own device. The next step of the online activation process depends on which option you select. Purchasing a Device Through Verizon Verizon offers a variety of smartphones and basic cell phones that are compatible with their prepaid plans. These include Apple and Android smartphones and range in price from $49.99 to $200+ for Apple’s iPhones. Select your cell phone and prepaid plan online. Once your cell phone arrives within 2-3 business days, you can activate it on your prepaid Verizon plan. Bringing Your Own Device You can bring your own device to Verizon’s prepaid plan if it is a CDMA network ready device. You can check this by going to the phone’s settings section and checking the network type. The device should also be 4G LTE capable to utilize Verizon’s top network speeds. You can also use Verizon’s online activation tool to check if your device is compatible with Verizon. Select the “Bring My Own Device” option when signing up for Verizon’s prepaid plan and type in the device ID to proceed with the process. Verizon will mail you a SIM card that is tied to your prepaid service plan. Activation Once You Receive Your Phone or SIM Card The activation process varies depending on whether or not you purchased a new phone. If you did not purchase a new phone, you need turn off your existing phone, insert the Verizon SIM card and then power the device back on. The phone should automatically activate. Call Verizon if service is not active on the phone within 15 minutes of turning the device on. Devices purchased through Verizon already have the SIM card installed so you only need to turn the device on to complete the prepaid activation process. Call Verizon or visit a local Verizon store if the device does not successfully activate. Refill Prepaid Accounts Keep service active on your phone by refilling your Verizon prepaid account. Refill your account by calling *611 from your phone or by adding money to the account on the Verizon website. Verizon also allows you to refill your account at most local Verizon stores. ![]() In Pakistan, Payoneer is an organization that offers the MasterCard opportunity that is easily used across the world. It is a multinational company that is now working in Pakistan. But its necessary to know that how to activate it and process to use in Urdu. Generally, it is used for receiving payments from all the freelancing organizations. Now this card is used to collect payments from the freelancing companies. In addition, users are also able to withdraw money from those ATMs that support it. This card is supported by most of the Islamic banks. While withdrawing money, make sure ATM contain the logo before card insertion. Order Process: PayPal is also leading organization that is also use to receive payments, but unfortunately at present this is not working in Pakistan. Therefore in Pakistan, the best alternative of PayPal is Payoneer. Now millions of user’s are using this, as they are considering this as a reliable source for getting payment. On the other hand most of the user’s still don’t know how to use the master card so they don’t take any advantage from this card. How to Use it: For this, user’s just need to visit official website and then subscribe there and make an appeal to order a MasterCard. While making an account, give all the information correct, specially your address as you receive your master card on the mentioned residential address. Payoneer MasterCard Activation Process: After you made request for it, you have to wait for few days to receive your card. Card will sent on your residential address. If you don’t receive you card, then contact them again to have your card. ![]() If you receive your card, next step is to activate your card. Below is the procedure that how to activate it. • Go to the official website, than subscribe your account. • After the subscription, there is a link to activate your card • There will be a space to enter 16 digit card numbers and then create a New Pin Number of your card. • At the end, activation message will be displayed on the screen. By following the above mentioned steps, user will able to receive payments from the freelancing organizations. Moreover, user will also enjoy the e-shopping and can easily withdraw money from the local ATM’s that supports it. Precaution If you have already made an application for card, then do wait until you receive or contact them on their official website. ![]() ![]() Payoneer doesn’t support fake or multiple card requests from the same user. At the end, company might ban the user or may ban the whole country. Sep 4, 2015 - 3 min - Uploaded by REPON 93পেয়োনিয়ার মাষ্টাকার্ড এ্যক্টিভ পেয়োনিয়ার মাষ্টাকার্ড এই লিংকে গিয়ে রেজিষ্টেশন করলে আপনি পাবেন ২৫ ডলার বোনাস । if you open / rege your payoneer account in. Want to get started using your Payoneer Prepaid Mastercard? Watch the video below or read on for a step-by-step card activati. Dec 21, 2017 How to Activate Payoneer Card 2017 - Duration: 3:25. Premium Downloads 28,303 views. Download free software A Two-step Mechanism For Stem Cell Activation During Hair Regeneration1/26/2018 Coordinated organ behavior is crucial for an effective response to environmental stimuli. By studying regeneration of hair follicles in response to patterned hair plucking, we demonstrate that organ-level quorum sensing allows coordinated responses to skin injury. Plucking hair at different densities leads to a regeneration of up to five times more neighboring, unplucked resting hairs, indicating activation of a collective decision-making process. Through data modeling, the range of the quorum signal was estimated to be on the order of 1 mm, greater than expected for a diffusible molecular cue. Molecular and genetic analysis uncovered a two-step mechanism, where release of CCL2 from injured hairs leads to recruitment of TNF-α-secreting macrophages, which accumulate and signal to both plucked and unplucked follicles. By coupling immune response with regeneration, this mechanism allows skin to respond predictively to distress, disregarding mild injury, while meeting stronger injury with full-scale cooperative activation of stem cells. Coordinated organ behavior is crucial for an effective response to environmental stimuli. By studying regeneration of hair follicles in response to patterned hair removal, we demonstrate that organ-level quorum sensing allows coordinated responses to skin injury. Removing hair at different densities leads to a regeneration of up to 5 times more neighboring, unplucked resting hairs, indicating activation of a collective decision-making process. ![]() ![]() Through data modeling, the range of the quorum signal was estimated to be on the order of 1 mm, greater than expected for a diffusible molecular cue. Molecular and genetic analysis uncovered a two-step mechanism, where release of CCL2 from injured hairs leads to recruitment of TNF-α secreting macrophages, which accumulate and signal to both plucked and unplucked follicles. By coupling immune response with regeneration, this mechanism allows skin to respond predictively to distress, disregarding mild injury, while meeting stronger injury with full-scale cooperative activation of stem cells. INTRODUCTION The effective coordination of organ behavior, either under physiological conditions or as a response to injury, is essential for survival. Integration at the level of large-scale organ systems has been extensively studied, but the role of shorter range, local coordination has not. For example, is the regeneration of repeated tissue units within an organ (e.g. Hair follicles (HFs) in skin, villi in intestine) coordinated so as to achieve collective decision-making? If so, what are the mechanisms of communication, and how is information integrated? In particular, if injury or malfunction affects only a subset of tissue units in an organ, how is such a collective decision made whether to mount a response that is local (e.g. Local repair) or global (e.g. Tissue level regeneration)? Mammalian skin offers an excellent platform to address such questions, because its numerous HFs behave as discrete, repeating, semi-autonomous tissue units () distributed on a two dimensional plane. HFs undergo cyclic regeneration () by regulating both intra- and extra-follicular cues for hair stem cell activation (;,;; ), both during physiological regeneration and in response to injury (). The experimental accessibility of HFs makes them an ideal model to study collective decision making in an organ population in vivo. Classical studies show that hair plucking produces a micro-injury that can potentially lead to hair regeneration (; ). This process is thought to be mediated by an autonomous mechanism in each follicle, in which early apoptosis in the bulge leads to activation of hair germ progenitors (). Here, we uncover evidence that the decision of hair stem cells to be activated or remain quiescent also depends on information coming from neighboring follicles. This possibility was first suggested by our earlier study in which plucking fewer than 50 refractory telogen hairs did not induce hair regeneration, while plucking more than 200 hairs did (). Here, by varying the spacing, arrangement and shapes of plucked regions, we unexpectedly found that plucking 200 hairs, with a proper topological distribution can cause up to 1200 hairs to regenerate. These results demonstrate marked non-autonomy in HF regeneration, and a distinctly non-linear quantitative relationship between plucking and regeneration. As discussed below, the collective HF response to injury may be seen as an example of quorum sensing, a form of social behavior in which population decisions depend on the density of signaling individuals within a given spatial territory (; ). In order to gain insights into the possible mechanisms underlying this behavior, we first used mathematical modeling to identify the characteristic spatial range over which quorums are sensed, which led us to suspect that the signaling mechanism consists of more than just a diffusible molecule. The time course of molecular changes after plucking, together with the results of genetic and pharmacological manipulation, implicated a two-stage mechanism, involving the release of diffusible signals that recruit immune cells (M1 macrophages) which then actively spread among follicles, where they locally induce regeneration through the release of substances such as Tnf-α. This work identifies a mechanism for quorum sensing that operates on the millimeter scale to coordinate the behaviors of semi-autonomous tissue units within an organ. Such coordination enables the skin to condition its responses to the spatial extent of injuries, launching a full scale regenerative response only when a sufficient threshold is reached. Topology-dependent hair plucking can induce the regeneration of more hairs than were plucked by activating neighboring, unplucked follicles To gain insight into the mechanisms leading to hair renewal following follicle injury, the relationship between hair plucking density and regeneration were examined in the mouse. ![]() Hair follicles (HFs) undergo cyclic bouts of degeneration, rest, and regeneration. During rest (telogen), the hair germ (HG) appears as a small cell cluster between. Dec 21, 2016. Two-step mechanism for stem cell activation during hair regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 4: 155 –169. Ito M, Kizawa K, Hamada K, Cotsarelis G (2004). Hair follicle stem cells in the lower bulge form the secondary germ, a biochemically distinct but functionally equivalent progenitor cell population, at the. Sep 16, 2017. A two-step mechanism for stem cell activation during hair regeneration diluent leek is the peacefully unlikely source. Archbishop was the prolix lentil. Unhandy kyoto was extremly inwardly deranged upon the pharyngotomy. Homelike prospectuses are extremly etymologically scheduling beneathe plateally. A Two-Step Mechanism for Stem Cell Activation during Hair Regeneration. Valentina Greco. Valentina Greco. Search for articles by this author.. Search for articles by this author.. Michael Rendl. Michael Rendl. Search for articles by this author.. Markus Schober. Markus Schober. Mechanism That Controls Activation Of Stem Cells During Hair Regeneration. Appears to be at the center of the mechanism for coordinated hair stem cell. To standardize the experiments, we synchronized all the dorsal pelage HFs into refractory telogen before plucking (see ). Normal hair density in adult C57BL/6 mouse dorsal skin is about 45–60 hairs/mm 2, corresponding to a distance between each follicle of around 0.15mm (). In the first set of experiments, 200 evenly distributed refractory telogen hairs were plucked within a circular skin area (the “injury field”;, red circle). By plucking a constant number of hairs but altering the size of the injury field (, ), plucking densities from 2–50 hairs/mm 2 were obtained (,, ). We then studied the regenerative behavior of the HFs. Plucking-induced hair regeneration is a population based behavior which depends on the density and distribution of plucked-hair follicles within the unplucked follicle population We observe three types of responses (). 1) If 200 hairs were plucked in a large area (> 6mm diameter, 28.3 mm 2, plucking density 10 hairs/mm 2, the threshold density), we induce a simultaneous regeneration of the whole region (including the plucked and surrounding unplucked follicles; ). Thus, by plucking only 200 hairs, the eventual regeneration of approximately 450, 780 or 1300 hairs are obtained (with 200 hairs plucked in injury field sizes of 3, 4, 5 mm in diameter, or 7.1, 12.6 and 19.6 mm 2 respectively;, –). As an example, we can induce regeneration of up to 600 unplucked hairs within a 5mm plucked region (Zone of quorum sensing-dependent hair regeneration, orange / light green area in ) and 400 hairs outside of the plucked region, resulting from propagation. 3) When 200 hairs are plucked from a 2.4 mm diameter region (high density, 100% plucking), every follicle in the field is plucked. In this case, all follicles re-entered anagen about 12 days (12.3±3.37, n=13) after plucking and the number of regenerating follicles equals the number of plucked follicles (Zone of all follicles plucked, dark green). Plucking-dependent regeneration from refractory telogen requires the plucking of at least 50 follicles to reach the basal threshold (). This zone is equivalent to the frequently used wax stripping procedure () in which melted wax was used to strip away all follicles in a large region, usually centimeters in diameter or bigger. This method involves thousands of HFs which will regenerate in synchrony without using quorum sensing. The hair follicle population as a quorum sensing system The density-dependence of regeneration, together with the simultaneous regeneration of both plucked and unplucked follicles within the injury field, suggests that plucked follicles produce a signal that (a) spreads to neighboring follicles, (b) accumulates to a level that depends upon the density and position of other plucked follicles, and (c) when present above some threshold level will trigger any follicle—plucked or unplucked—to re-enter anagen. The idea that HFs produce signals that affect other HFs can be inferred from the coordinated waves of hair cycling that travel across the skin of mice and rabbits (, ). Yet the signals that coordinate such “hair waves” cannot explain the collective regenerative responses seen here, at least not those within the injury field itself. This is because hair waves reflect the ability of follicles in anagen to accelerate the progression of neighboring telogen follicles into anagen, whereas plucking causes injured and uninjured follicles to progress from refractory telogen to regenerate collectively and simultaneously (i.e. Regeneration is not driven by neighboring anagen follicles). Just outside the plucked injury fields (e.g., outside of the red circle), however, the ring of delayed regeneration likely reflects the “hair wave” phenomenon, since follicles in this zone enter anagen only after regeneration in neighboring follicles is well underway. To avoid confusion between initial, collective regeneration and later hair wave spreading, the present study focuses exclusively on early regenerative events. One way to gain insight into the nature of the quorum signal—which we shall initially call the “distressor”—that coordinates collective regeneration is to characterize its decay length, i.e. The characteristic spatial scale over which the strength of the signal decays. Decay lengths quantify the balance between the rate at which a signal spreads and the rate at which it is destroyed or removed. Diffusible molecules that are captured by high-affinity, cell surface receptors— e.g., morphogens, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines— tend to have relatively short decay lengths, typically on the order of no more than 100 µm (e.g.;;;; ), roughly the same scale as the inter-follicular distance in mouse skin. In contrast, as we show in the next section, the decay length of the putative distressor induced by plucking appears to be substantially larger—on the order of 1 mm, or 4–6 inter-follicular distances. Mathematical modeling identifies the decay length of a putative quorum signal For example, in, data on whether regeneration in circular injury fields occurred (green dots) or failed (red dots) was tabulated as a function of field radius and plucking density (plotted, in this case, as the inverse of the plucked fraction). Fitting the boundary between positive and negative data to the predictions of the steady state diffusion model yields estimates of λ between 0.6 and 1.6 mm (). The same model also predicts that, for sufficiently large plucked fields and/or sufficiently high plucking densities, immediate regenerative responses should not be limited to the precise boundaries of the injury field, but should extend a small distance beyond those boundaries (here we refer only to regeneration that occurs at the same time as that within the injury field, and not what is triggered significantly later by hair wave propagation). Careful examination of experimental data showed that a small rim of early regeneration indeed occurred just outside of some injury fields. Fitting the sizes of these rims to the model () yields an independent estimate for λ = 1 mm. Finally, the same diffusion model suggests that λ can also be estimated by holding both plucking density and injury field area constant, but varying the shape of the injury field. To test this prediction, experiments were carried out in which 50 hairs were plucked evenly at a density of every other hair, either in a straight line (), a narrow rectangle (6:1 aspect ratio; ) or a square (). Under these distinct topological conditions, plucked single rows never regenerated, while squares always regenerated robustly. Rectangles occasionally exhibited modest regeneration, suggesting a distressor concentration very close to threshold under these circumstances. Fitting these three behaviors requires a value of λ between 0.7 and 1.2 mm. The good agreement among these three methods supports the validity of the steady state diffusion model for describing distressor spreading, and places the value of λ at approximately 1 mm. Fitting to the model does not imply, however, that the distressor is a single substance, or even a diffusible molecule, but simply that it spreads according to the same rules. In fact, the observed magnitude of λ suggests that the distressor is not simply a diffusible receptor-binding molecule, since these typically display decay lengths of one tenth this magnitude or less (e.g.;;;; ). As described below, further investigation of the molecular nature of the distressor signal supports the idea that it consists of both diffusible molecules and recruited cells that migrate actively between follicles. 1) Transient increase in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines Immune, inflammatory and wound healing response genes constitute the major portion of early transcriptional activity following plucking. Analyzing the most altered genes by RT-PCR, we found that immune cytokines, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 ( CXCL2), and interleukin 1, beta ( IL-1β were up-regulated soon after plucking (i.e., 12hrs), although expression of these genes peaked at different times (). For example, CCL2 expression peaked around 12hrs (). 3) Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) expression Tnf-α increases between 1–2 days after plucking and reached a plateau at about day 2 (). The plateau of Tnf-α expression corresponds to a time when activated hairs are in early anagen phase (). We also observe changes of other molecular pathways. For example, platelet derived growth factor A ( Pdgf-α) increased at later stages after plucking (day 4), compatible with published results () (). Since the Wnt pathway is critical for hair growth (; ), we examined the expression of Wnt pathway members, using whole mount in situ hybridization, and compared their expression patterns, over time, with those of Tnf-α. Wnt6, β-catenin, and lymphocyte enhancer factor ( Lef-1) were up-regulated within new anagen follicles at day 4, but not in the extra-follicular dermal macro-environment (). We also localized Tnf-α expression to the extra-follicular dermal macro-environment (, ). CCL2 is a key component of the quorum signal The earliest noted signaling molecule expression change that could potentially communicate information from plucked to unplucked follicles was CCL2 (). Immunohistochemistry showed that CCL2 is primarily produced by HF keratinocytes, and accumulates predominantly in plucked follicles (where apoptosis occurs), and to a much smaller extent in neighboring unplucked follicles, which do not undergo apoptosis (, ). This induction is transient and diminishes at day 5. CCL2 induction in plucked HFs occurred regardless of plucking density, so CCL2 was expressed even at the densities that failed to launch regeneration. Epidermal staining of CCL2 is evident in the 2.4 mm specimen, some is seen surrounding the plucked follicle in the 5 mm specimen, but staining is sparse in the 8 mm specimen. CCL2 is involved in plucking induced hair regeneration These results are consistent with CCL2 expression providing an overall measure of the extent of plucking, and therefore potentially serving as a quorum signal. To test whether CCL2 function is required for follicle regeneration, we waxed whole back skin from both wild type C57BL/6 and CCL2 null mice. In contrast to the localized plucking of 200 hairs (which induces hair regeneration after about 12 days ()), wax-stripping the whole back skin drives telogen hairs back into full anagen (anagen VI) within about 6 days (). However, when the backs of CCL2 null mice were wax-stripped, follicles remained in telogen 3 days after waxing, and were still in anagen III to IV at day 6 (, ). This delayed hair regrowth in CCL2 null mice following plucking supports a role for CCL2 in plucking induced hair regeneration. TUNEL staining performed 1 day after plucking revealed that both wild type and CCL2 null mice showed apoptotic HF cells (, ). These results indicate that CCL2 is not required for the initial injury response of HFs, but rather its expression is triggered by that response, whereupon it plays an important role in regeneration. This view is consistent with a recent study showing that various HF regions express chemokines including CCL2, CCL20 and CCL8 in response to stress (). The percent HF area with CCL2 expression was highest 1 day after plucking and decreased thereafter (). Unplucked follicles located within (x) or outside (y) of the plucked field showed low and no CCL2 levels. CCL2 null mice did not express CCL2 after plucking (z). M1 macrophages are mediators recruited by CCL2 to execute quorum sensing behavior The decay lengths of most diffusible signaling molecules, including chemokines (; ), are much shorter than the decay length we measured for the plucking-induced quorum signal (). Chemokines, however, are known to act as chemo-attractants for immune cells, and we postulated that this might play a role in boosting the effective range of action of an initial quorum signal. CCL2 in particular is a potent recruiter of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells. Indeed, two days after plucking, macrophages had heavily infiltrated the plucked skin (). We quantified the macrophage distribution at different times after plucking (). At day 1, F4/80 positive macrophages accumulate around and between the plucked follicles. At day 3, more macrophages spread to the inter-plucked follicular regions and their density is substantially elevated (at least four times over background) up to 66% of that found for plucked follicles. The spread can span a distance of 1mm. These macrophages start to dissipate at day 7 post-plucking. CCL2 stimulates Tnf-α production by attracting CCR4 (+) M1 macrophages To test whether macrophages play a functional role in plucking-induced hair regeneration we used chemical inhibitor and genetic deletion assays. The application of Clodronate liposomes to suppress macrophage function caused an approximately 12 day delay in hair plucking induced regeneration (). For the genetic approach, we used LysM-Cre;R26R transgenic mice to examine the distribution of LacZ positive myeloid cells following hair plucking. Myeloid cells are nearly absent in normal mice, but are induced at day 3–5, and diminish at day 7 in the transgenic mice (). Hair regeneration is proportional to the local concentration of Tnf-α To evaluate their role, we generated a triple transgenic mouse model where myeloid cells are specifically depleted by diphtheria toxin upon doxycycline treatment ( LysM-Cre;Rosa-rtTA;TetO-DTA). We plucked 200 hairs / 5 mm diameter region, which usually launches a quorum sensing response, leading to regeneration. In this mutant, hair regeneration did not occur (, ). These myeloid cells represent mainly macrophages, although technically we cannot rule out other cell types completely. All together, the data suggest macrophages play a major role in this process. Macrophages can be divided into two major types; M1 macrophages (classically activated) exert proinflammatory activities; while M2 macrophages (alternatively activated) are involved in resolving inflammation (; ). Immunostaining showed that M1, but not M2 macrophages, were present 5 days post-plucking (, ). These findings are consistent with other studies implicating chemokines in the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages during wound healing and a role for such cells in tissue repair (). Since M1 macrophages express CCR4 (, ), the receptor for CCL2, we think that these macrophages are recruited to plucked follicles by plucking-induced CCL2. Consistent with this view, plucking failed to induce the accumulation of M1 macrophages in CCL2 null mouse skin (). These data support the model that CCL2 expressed by plucked follicles recruits CCR4-expressing M1 macrophages, which play an essential role in regeneration. We next explored how this comes about. Hair regeneration induced by quorum sensing is Tnf-α dependent Macrophages are known to produce Tnf-α. Tnf-α mRNA was induced about 2 days after plucking, before anagen initiates (, ). Low power whole mount in situ hybridization reveals that, under conditions in which regeneration occurs, Tnf-α is enriched in the extra-follicular environment of both plucked and unplucked hairs (). Double immunostaining showed that these cells are indeed M1 macrophages (,, ). Semi-quantitative analysis of immunostained specimens obtained from regions of different plucking densities support the view that Tnf-α expressing macrophages accumulate around HFs that regenerate after plucking (both plucked and unplucked), but do not accumulate under plucking conditions that fail to activate hair regeneration (). Quantitative measurements of macrophage derived Tnf-α immunoreactivity over time in a threshold plucking density region (200 hairs/5mm diameter) showed that Tnf-α positive cells are induced around plucked follicles. They then increased significantly at day 3 and 5 after plucking, spreading into the dermal region between plucked follicles. They decreased at day 7 to approach basal levels (,, ). To investigate the functional importance of Tnf-α in plucking-induced hair regeneration, beads coated with Tnf-α related peptide were injected into refractory telogen stage mouse skin. Hair regeneration was induced, followed by propagation to the surrounding region (). Control bead injection didn’t induce hair regeneration even after 30 days (). Conversely, when hairs were plucked at high density in Tnf-α null mice (), a 15 day delay in regeneration was observed. These results indicate that Tnf-α is one of the major players for plucking-induced hair regeneration. Lastly, we searched for molecules and signals that might function further downstream in hair regeneration. For example, Tnf-α is known to stimulate both JNK and NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) signaling. It is also known that activation of the FGF signaling pathway can trigger hair regeneration (). We therefore screened inhibitors of NF-κB, JNK, PI3K, FGF receptor, p38 MAPK, and Erk for effects on plucking-induced hair regeneration. Only NF-κB inhibitors delayed hair regeneration, doing so by 10 days (, ). In addition, Tnf-α related peptide significantly stimulates the expression of Wnt3, Wnt10a and Wnt10b in keratinocytes (). Though the Eda- NF-κB pathway is important in hair development, a previous study indicated that Eda participates in anagen to catagen transition during the postnatal hair regeneration cycle (). Hence it is not likely that Eda is involved in the plucking induced hair regeneration response. Together the results raise the possibility that Tnf-α, acting through the NF-κB pathway, ultimately stimulates hair regeneration through activation of Wnt signaling. Social behaviors in an organ population Many organs are composed of repeated, semi-autonomous tissue units, such as acini, crypts, and follicles. The potential for dynamic coupling between the behaviors of such units creates opportunities for collective phenomena. A dramatic example of this is the “hair wave”, a coordinated hair cycle wave that can travel across the skin of mammals (;,; ). In this work, we characterize another collective behavior of HFs; density- and topology-dependent, plucking-induced regeneration, which can be viewed as a form of quorum sensing. Quorum sensing is a process whereby a population makes a collective decision based on the number or density of individuals that meet a certain criterion. Typically, a response occurs only when a threshold is exceeded. Quorum sensing has been invoked to describe bacterial cell-to-cell communication () that serves to influence gene regulation in response to population density fluctuations (). Synthetic quorum sensing circuits in yeast were used to demonstrate the diversity of social behaviors that can come from collective communication (). Quorum sensing also has been used to explain the collective decision-making behavior of social insects such as ants and honey bees (; ). Molecular nature of the quorum sensing circuit Briefly, the quorum sensing circuit we describe here provides a way for injured HFs to collectively assess the magnitude and extent of injury that the skin has sustained, and make an all-or-none decision whether or not to regenerate. A striking feature of this circuit, revealed through molecular modeling, is that the information being shared among follicles decays with a characteristic length of about 1 mm, substantially greater than the measured decay lengths of diffusible signaling molecules (e.g.;;;; ). The explanation for this apparent paradox seems to reside in the multi-stage nature of the quorum signal, which begins with diffusible molecules, but eventually involves the recruitment of motile cells (inflammatory macrophages) that spread within the tissue. Below we summarize the sequence of molecular and cellular events revealed by the present study (). (iii) Recruitment of macrophages as motile vectors The local production of CCL2 appears to recruit CCR4 (+) M1 macrophages in the dermis (). Whereas macrophages initially appear to be enriched around plucked follicles, recruited macrophages soon spread throughout the whole region. By relaying a signaling response with a motile cellular vector, HFs effectively solve the problem of spreading quorum information over long distances. Another motile vector candidate is the epidermal dendritic Langerhans cell since it also expresses F4/80 antigen. However, F4/80 positive cells appear in dermis at day 1, but do not appear in the epidermis until day 5–7. Our microarray data also did not reveal up-regulation of Langerhans cell markers, such as CD207 (Langerin) and CD11b. Although we do not completely rule out the involvement of Langerhans in this process, our data so far suggest a major role for dermal macrophages in this process. It is worthwhile to mention here that more examples of extended cellular process that mediate signal communication are being identified. For example, in zebrafish stripe pattern formation, pigment cells can utilize their contact-dependent depolarization and repulsive behavior as non-diffusible inhibitors that follow Turing principles (). In Drosophila epithelia, cytonemes can establish a dynamic hedgehog morphogen gradient that may reach afar (). Future in vivo imaging studies of the mouse skin model studied here will allow us to elucidate the interactive cellular behaviors between HFs, immune system and regeneration. Books.google.com.tr - Stem cells, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are fast moving fields with vastly transformative implications for the future of health care and capital markets. 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